Tratamiento exitoso de una fusariosis diseminada en un paciente neutropénico febril con terapia antifúngica combinada de voriconazol más anfotericina B deoxicolato / Successful treatment of disseminated fusariosis in a febrile neutropenic patient with combined antifungal therapy of voriconazol plus amphotericin B deoxycholate

Resumen Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente con una leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) que desarrolló una fusariosis diseminada por Fusarium verticillioides durante un episodio prolongado de neutropenia febril post quimioterapia. Fue exitosamente tratado cuando se usó terapia combinada de voriconazol más anfotericina B deoxicolato.

We report a case of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), who developed a disseminated infection by Fusarium verticillioides during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. He was successfully treated only after combination therapy with voriconazole plus amphotericin B deoxycolate was used, but not when these compounds were used in an isolated form.

Actualización en el diagnóstico y manejo de aspergilosis invasora en pacientes adultos / Update in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of invasive aspergillosis in adult population

Resumen La enfermedad fúngica invasora producida por Aspergillus spp., es la infección por hongos filamentosos más frecuentemente reportada en individuos inmunocomprometidos y responsable de una muy alta mortalidad en este grupo de pacientes. En los últimos años se han logrado importantes avances, tanto en su diagnóstico como terapéuticos. Al momento actual se ha identificado una serie de factores de riesgo asociados a su desarrollo, permitiendo la categorización de pacientes en condición de alto, intermedio y bajo riesgo de aspergilosis invasora (AI); y también se han establecido criterios diagnósticos que consideran factores del hospedero, laboratorio micológico tradicional, biomarcadores como galactomanano y 1→3-β-d-glucano, junto a la mejor comprensión e interpretación de las imágenes tomográficas que han permitido consensuar las categorías diagnósticas. Esto, sumado a la incorporación de nuevos antifúngicos y estrategias terapéuticas en diferentes escenarios, ha permitido lograr una disminución de la mortalidad asociada. En este artículo se realiza una puesta al día de los aspectos epidemiológicos, los factores de riesgo, el diagnóstico, la prevención y profilaxis además del enfrentamiento terapéutico, incluyendo las estrategias de uso de terapia antifúngica empírica, precoz y dirigida, así como los aspectos más relevantes de los antifúngicos de primera elección y alternativos para el manejo actualizado de AI.

The invasive fungal disease produced by Aspergillus spp., is the infection by filamentous fungi most frequently reported among immunocompromised individuals and responsible for a very high mortality in this group of patients. In recent years, important advances have been made both from the diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. At present, a series of risk factors associated with its development have been identified, allowing the categorization of patients in high, intermediate and low risk of invasive aspergillosis (IA); and diagnostic criteria have also been established that consider factors of the host, traditional mycological laboratory, biomarkers such as galactomannan and 1→3-β-d-glucan, together with the better understanding and interpretation of the tomographic images that have allowed to reach a consensus on the diagnostic categories. This added to the incorporation of new antifungals and therapeutic strategies in different scenarios, have allowed decreasing the associated mortality. In this review, are updated the epidemiological aspects, the risk factors, the diagnosis, prevention and prophylaxis as well as the therapeutic confrontation, including strategies for the use of empirical, precocious and directed antifungal therapy, as well as the most relevant aspects of the first-choice and alternative antifungals for the IA management.

Correlação entre uso de quimioterápicos antiinfecciosos e mortalidade / Correlation between antimicrobial chemotherapy and mortality

Objetivo: Correlacionar o consumo de quimioterápicos antiinfecciosos com mortes. Delineamento: Vigilância epidemiológica. População: Foram registradas todas as drogas quimioterápicas antiinfecciosas prescritas para tratar doenças infecciosas em um hospital. Os pacientes que as usaram foram seguidos desde a admissão até a alta ou o óbito hospitalar. Resultados: Foram estudados 4.968 pacientes que internaram 6.043 vezes. Das 2.305 internações nas quais os pacientes usaram quimioterápicos antiinfecciosos, 2.206 (95,7%) das vezes eles sobreviveram e 99 (4,29%) morreram. Os que sobreviveram usaram em média 1,55 (DP 1,09) quimioterápicos antiinfecciosos e os que morreram usaram em média 2,78 (DP 2,44) quimioterápicos antiinfecciosos, p<0.001. A correlação foi linear entre o número de quimioterápicos antiinfecciosos usados e a mortalidade. Os coeficientes obtidos foram: de correlação, 0.869 (p<0.001) e de determinação de Pearson de 0.755. O consumo de quimioterápicos antiinfecciosos por pacientes obteve correlação linear positiva de Spearman's rho de 0.905 (p=0.002). As relações entre as idades e a mortalidade obtiveram o coeficiente de correlação de Sperman's rho de 0.936, p<0.00. Conclusão: A quantidade de quimioterápicos antiinfecciosos usados para tratar pacientes se correlacionou positivamente com a morte e não parece ser uma boa estratégia para prevenila. Os autores sugerem desenvolver-se o conceito epidemiológico de suficiência de tratamento, considerando a cura e a morte como desfechos, como um índice de uso racional de quimioterápicos antiinfecciosos. Acredita-se que essa estratégia possa obter resultados de impacto no combate a crescente resistência antimicrobiana e na diminuição de gastos desnecessários em quimioterápicos antiinfecciosos (AU)

Aim: To correlate the consumption of antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents with death figures. Research design: Epidemiological surveillance. Population: All antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents prescribed to treat infectious diseases in a given hospital were registered. Patients were followed since admission until discharge or fatal outcome at the hospital. Results: Charts from 4968 patients, whose admissions totaled 6043 occasions, were analyzed. From a total of 2305 admissions in which patients were prescribed antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents, in 2206 (95,7%) of the occasions patients survived, whereas in 99 occasions (4,29%) they died. Those who survived used in average 1,55 (SD 1,09) antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents, while those who died used in average 2,78 (SD 2,44) antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents (p<0.001). The observed correlation was linear between the number of antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents prescribed and mortality. Two coefficients endorsed the observed correlation: a correlation coefficient of 0.869 (p<0.001) and a Pearson of 0.755. The consumption of antimicrobial chemotherapeutic displayed a linear and positive Spearman's correlation of 0.905 (p=0.002). The correlations between age and mortality yelled a Sperman's ρ of 0.936 (p<0.00). Conclusion: The quantity of prescribed antimicrobial chemotherapeutic was positively correlated with death. The development of a concept of epidemiological sufficiency of treatment is recommend by the authors. This concept, which considers cure and death as possible outcomes, would constitute a index of rational use of antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents. It is believed that this strategy might help to curb the bacterial resistance to antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents as well as to reduce dispensable expenditures with these pharmacological tools (AU)